Prognostic Modeling and Clinical Outcomes Two such examples are prognostic and predictive models. 1 These prognostic and predictive mathematical camps, believers, or classes are created using formulas that are theoretically capable of assisting in the decision-making to achieve specific outcomes that could help guide allocation of resources in healthcare. There are usually no 'general' models used each desired result is obtained by the use of a modeling tool that is specifically tailored to the circumstance at hand.

Some are aimed at predicting a clinical outcome, whereas others focus on identifying patients who may be at risk for the development of a particular condition. Various modeling tools have been devised to assist with the decision-making process. Inefficient decision-making is further compounded by a lack of standardized processes that fully address the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. These differences in the interpretation of a treatment value contribute to decision-making controversy and confusion among participating stakeholders, which is further inflamed by third-party coverage guidance. For example, what is of value to a patient may not be of value to a provider, and what medical evidence determines to be of value may be very limited or subject to interpretation because of the paucity of definitive evidence. Increasingly today, the perspectives of each healthcare stakeholder should be considered, which often leads to confusion and controversy in decisionmaking. The decision-making process in many aspects of the healthcare delivery system is often complicated and detailed, requiring many considerations before arriving at a course of action in patient care.

Prognostic vs predictive